MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Introduction to Bacterial Growth: Bacterial growth is a complex process that involves biosynthetic reactions including synthesis of cell constituents and metabolites and anabolic reactions that involves the breakdown of cell constituents and metabolites.  Bacteria growing in a closed system typically go through four distinct stages: the lag phase, exponential (log) phase, stationary phase, and decline […]

Introduction: Helminthes, including Nematodes, Trematodes, and Cestodes, are associated with substantial morbidity and economic losses worldwide. Almost one-sixth of the world’s population is infected with helminthes, with an estimated 15 billion individuals, particularly in low socio-economic regions, suffering from Soil-transmitted Helminthes (STHs). Novel techniques are now being developed and tested for the diagnosis of helminthic

Introduction: A restriction enzyme is a nuclease enzyme that breaks down DNA sequences at random or specified recognition regions known as restriction sites. In bacteria, restriction enzymes interact with modification enzymes to form a combination system (restriction + modification system) that methylates the bacterial DNA. Methylation of bacterial DNA at the recognition sequence often protects

Introduction: The process of finding new drugs involves combining clinical, translational, experimental, and computational models. Drug design is the inventive approach that aims to design drugs whose target molecules may be receptor (45%), an enzyme (20% of cases), ion channel (5% of cases) DNA (2% of cases), nuclear receptor (2% of cases) or unknown (7% of cases).

Introduction: In mammals, aging is a complex process that is accompanied by a progressive degeneration of tissues and organs which results in the loss of the ability to retain normal homeostasis. Aging is caused by accumulated damage to DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids which in turn inhibits the ability of the cell to function normally

Introduction: It is an invitro technique used to mutate one or more bases within a plasmid. Likewise, this procedure is to create specific, targeted changes in double stranded plasmid DNA with modified sequences for examining the importance of specific residues in protein structure and function. It is also called site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. There

A molecular biology approach used to introduce precise mutations into a DNA sequence is site-directed mutagenesis. Researchers can use this technique to investigate the effects of mutations on protein function and to create proteins with desired features.