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Basis of Animal Classification and Helminthes: Platyhelminthes and Nemathelminthes – Morphology, Classification, and Medical Importance
Basis of Classification of Animals: Level of body organization Body symmetry Germ layers Diploblastic: Porifera and Coelenterata Triploblastic: Platyhelminthes to Chordata Body plan Coelom Body segmentation Introduction to Helminthes and Helminthology: Helminthology is the study of helminthes, which are animals that resemble worms. Helminthes are metazoans with well-developed organs, vermiform bodies. It comprises of phylum
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Hepatitis A virus (HAV): Introduction, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical presentations and diagnosis
Introduction to Hepatitis A Virus (HAV): Hepatitis is the inflammation of liver cells of which viral infection is the most prevalent cause. Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D and Hepatitis E are the five primary hepatitis viruses.Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the etiologic agent of viral hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis), is the primary cause
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Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Epidemiology, Morphological Forms, Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, and Laboratory Diagnosis
Introduction to Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Morphological forms of Trypanosoma cruzi: Amastigote Amastigote is small, round, cytoplasmic in shape and is found in the cytoplasm of mammalian host cells. Binary fission separates the flagellum, which is either short or invisible. Epimastigote The epimastigote has an elongated shape and a noticeable flagellum. It is present in
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Prion Diseases: Mechanism, Pathogenesis, and Human Disorders (CJD, Kuru, FFI)
Introduction to Prions: When a misfolded prion enters a healthy organism, it causes already-existing, correctly folded proteins to transform into the form of a misfolded prion. Therefore, other normal proteins misfold into prion form using prions as a template. Prion disorders, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are a class of neurodegenerative illnesses that are
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Fasciola hepatica: Introduction, clinical manifestation and diagnosis
Introduction to Fasciola hepatica: Fasciola hepatica is a hermaphroditic trematode with a complex life-cycle that includes an intermediate (snail) and definitive (mammalian) host. The earliest known trematode or fluke was F. hepatica. However, it was initially found in sheep rather in humans. The disease, known as liver rot, is brought on by consuming metacercaria from
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Dengue Virus: Introduction, Morphology, Genome, Replication Cycle, and Pathogenesis
Introduction to Dengue Virus: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the skin inoculation any of four antigenically different serotypes of the Dengue virus (DENV 1-4), characterized by wide spectrum of illness ranging from asymptomatic to severe forms. As the name ‘breakbone fever’, the patient complains of pain in the back, joint, muscles and the