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Telomere Biology: Structure, Shelterin Complex, Hayflick Limit, Telomerases, Implications in Aging and Cancer
Telomere: Introduction Fig: Structure of telomerase and Shelterin Complex Structure and Composition The Shelterin Complex: Fig: The Role of the Components of Shelterin Complex in Telomeres and Telomerase Regulation Source: Clinical Interventions in Aging 2020:15 What is the Hayflick Limit? Hayflick outlines the three stages that typical cultivated cells go through. Telomerases: Telomerase is an
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Basis of Animal Classification and Helminthes: Platyhelminthes and Nemathelminthes – Morphology, Classification, and Medical Importance
Basis of Classification of Animals: Level of body organization Body symmetry Germ layers Diploblastic: Porifera and Coelenterata Triploblastic: Platyhelminthes to Chordata Body plan Coelom Body segmentation Introduction to Helminthes and Helminthology: Helminthology is the study of helminthes, which are animals that resemble worms. Helminthes are metazoans with well-developed organs, vermiform bodies. It comprises of phylum
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Hepatitis A virus (HAV): Introduction, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical presentations and diagnosis
Introduction to Hepatitis A Virus (HAV): Hepatitis is the inflammation of liver cells of which viral infection is the most prevalent cause. Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D and Hepatitis E are the five primary hepatitis viruses.Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the etiologic agent of viral hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis), is the primary cause
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Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Epidemiology, Morphological Forms, Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, and Laboratory Diagnosis
Introduction to Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Morphological forms of Trypanosoma cruzi: Amastigote Amastigote is small, round, cytoplasmic in shape and is found in the cytoplasm of mammalian host cells. Binary fission separates the flagellum, which is either short or invisible. Epimastigote The epimastigote has an elongated shape and a noticeable flagellum. It is present in
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Prion Diseases: Mechanism, Pathogenesis, and Human Disorders (CJD, Kuru, FFI)
Introduction to Prions: When a misfolded prion enters a healthy organism, it causes already-existing, correctly folded proteins to transform into the form of a misfolded prion. Therefore, other normal proteins misfold into prion form using prions as a template. Prion disorders, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are a class of neurodegenerative illnesses that are
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Fasciola hepatica: Introduction, clinical manifestation and diagnosis
Introduction to Fasciola hepatica: Fasciola hepatica is a hermaphroditic trematode with a complex life-cycle that includes an intermediate (snail) and definitive (mammalian) host. The earliest known trematode or fluke was F. hepatica. However, it was initially found in sheep rather in humans. The disease, known as liver rot, is brought on by consuming metacercaria from