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Cancer and Signal Transduction: The Role of EGF Pathway in Tumor Growth and Its Regulation
Introduction to Signal Transduction and Cancer: A cell of our body depends upon the signal transduction pathway to carry out different types of cell processes at the right moment in time to basically produce physiological responses to certain types of external stimuli. Now, even though signal transduction is very important to the functionality of our…
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Cell Transformation: Mechanisms, Genetic Mutations, and Cancer Progression
Introduction to Cell Transformation: The process of eukaryotic cells turning to cancerous cells from the normal cells is known as cell transformation. In cancer cell transformation there are few different modifications. In basic, there is a balance between cell growth and cell death. There are several pathways in the body that dictate the cell to…
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Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs): Introduction, Structure, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), RTKs dysregulation and cancer
Introduction: Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are plasma membrane receptor glycoprotein in nature with enzymatic activity. They are a group of 90 enzymes capable of selectively phosphorylating amino acid tyrosine residue in various substrates which leads to conformational alteration of that protein and typically activates that protein. They are important mediators of the signaling that mediate cell…
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Determination of Acid Value of Fats and Oils: A Comparative Analysis of Cooked and Uncooked Oil
Objective: To determine the acid value of given fat sample Theory: Acid value is defined as the number of milligrams of potassium or sodium hydroxide that is required to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 gram of fats or oil. It is a measure of the number of carboxylic acid group in a chemical…
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Molecular basis of cancer: Oncogene, Â Tumor suppressor Genes, Carcinogenesis, Mechanism of Action of Oncogenes
Mechanism of induction of cancer: It is a gradual multistep process involving many generations of cells. The cancer cells are genetically and phenotypically transformed cells having phenotypic features of malignancy like excessive growth, invasiveness, and distant metastasis. Normal cell growth is genetically controlled by four different types of regulatory control genes. The abnormality in these…
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Tumor Suppressor Genes and Oncogenes: Introduction, p53 gene, RB gene and Two hit Hypothesis
Tumor suppressor Genes: Introduction Tumor suppressor genes code for protein which function to control cell division and ensure that it only occurs when necessary. It is also recognized as a guardian of gene. Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins involved in preventing cell cycle progression known as gate keepers and proteins involved in repairing DNA…