Tumor suppressor Genes: Introduction Tumor suppressor genes code for protein which function to control cell division and ensure that it only occurs when necessary. It is also recognized as a guardian of gene. Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins involved in preventing cell cycle progression known as gate keepers and proteins involved in repairing DNA […]
Introduction to Cell Cycle Regulation: Cell division is a very crucial phenomenon for normal growth, development and maintenance. But in a body of eukaryotes organisms such as humans, the rate of timing of cell division varies on the type of cells. For e.g., skin cells divide frequently throughout life time. However, specialized cells such as
Introduction: Chemotherapy is the administration of one or more cytotoxic antineoplastic medications (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a predetermined schedule to treat cancer. Chemotherapy may be administered with the intention of curing a disease, extending life, or alleviating symptoms. It is frequently used in conjunction with other treatments, such as radiation, surgery, and/or hyperthermia therapy.
Chemotherapy: Introduction, Classification, Types, Mode of action, Treatment Strategies Read More »
Introduction: In mammals, aging is a complex process that is accompanied by a progressive degeneration of tissues and organs which results in the loss of the ability to retain normal homeostasis. Aging is caused by accumulated damage to DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids which in turn inhibits the ability of the cell to function normally
DNA Damage theories: Introduction, Theories, Mechanisms Read More »
Introdcution: The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L., is one of the model organisms representing a basal group of land plants. It is one of the common weeds that grows in nursery crop production and distributed widely around the world from tropical to arctic climates. Plant chloroplast genomes are far more structurally conserved than plant mitochondrial genomes.
Chloroplast Genome: The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. Read More »
Introduction: Extrachromosomal Inheritance in eukaryotes: Various scientists have investigated extrachromosomal inheritance in different eukaryotes. Some of the most significant examples of extranuclear inheritance in eukaryotes are as follows: Plastid inheritance Correns and Baur found that the four o’ clock plant, Mirabilis Jalapa, in contrast to other higher plants, contain three types of leaves and parts
Extrachromosomal Inheritance: Introduction, Types, Examples Read More »
Introduction: Genes, also labelled as “junk” DNA, are inheritable genetic elements whose sequence are naturally similar to functional genes. However, they do not code for protein because they lack coding potential due to the presence of disruptive mutations such as frame shifts, premature stop codons, internal deletion or insertion relative to the normal sequence, Hence,
Pseudogenes: Introduction, Types, Features Read More »
Introduction: Satellite DNA (satDNA) also known as tandemly repeated DNA (TR-DNA), is the highly repetitive DNA consisting clusters of short repeated sequences i.e., same sequence of nucleotides is repeated many times in tandem within the genome. Generally, it possesses a variable AT-rich repeat which are predominately located at heterochromatic regions, which are found mostly in
Satellite DNA (satDNA): Introduction, Types, Features, Applications Read More »
Introduction: The genes of nuclear chromosome have different roles in inheritance, cellular metabolism, development and mutation of the organism in which they occur. The gens of nuclear chromosomes have a significant and key role in the inheritance of almost all characters from one generation to other generation. However, they alone cannot be considered as the
Introduction: Cell and cytoplasmic contents may become so organized as to perform specialized functions that another cell don to perform. The change by means of which such specialization is achieved is know as differentiation. The event of differentiation is accomplished by changes which occur in embryonic tissues of plants and animals. Zygote is a unicellular
