Introduction to RNA Virus Biosynthesis: Many families of animal viruses have RNA as their genetic material. These RNA genomes can be single stranded (+ sense, – sense, antisense) or double stranded. Each class of genome has a different replication and gene expression strategy, and there is considerable variation within each class. The cytoplasm of infected […]
Introduction to Viral Replication and Biosynthesis: Replication, in terms of virus, can be defined as the propagation of virus such that the number of virus particles increase in number i.e., viral multiplication. Since viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, all the stages of replication occur in the host cell, inducing a living host cell to synthesize
Biosynthesis in DNA Viruses: Mechanisms of Replication and Protein Expression Read More »
Introduction to Bacterial Growth: Bacterial growth is a complex process that involves biosynthetic reactions including synthesis of cell constituents and metabolites and anabolic reactions that involves the breakdown of cell constituents and metabolites. Bacteria growing in a closed system typically go through four distinct stages: the lag phase, exponential (log) phase, stationary phase, and decline
Introduction- COVID-19 and Global Health Impact: One of the most pressing global health issues that humanity has encountered since World War II is the COVID-19 pandemic. With the exception of Antarctica, the virus has spread to every continent since it first appeared in Asia in 2020. Medical professionals and researchers were investigating the underlying mechanism
Introduction to Immunodeficiency: Life Cycle of HIV: HIV infection is usually transmitted vertically from an infected mother to the baby via the placenta or by breastfeeding. Horizontally, HIV can be transmitted through activities like non-screened blood transplantation, use of infected needle sticks, needle stick injury, and unsafe sexual contact. So, the virus can be transmitted
Introduction to Cancer Metastasis: Metastasis is the word for the growth of secondary cancers in an area of the body distant from the initial primary cancer. Cancer treatment is challenging because of metastases. If the treatment works in one region, there is a secondary spread in other regions. The two main causes of cancer death
Cancer Metastasis : Stages, Molecular Mechanisms, EMT in Tumor Spread Read More »
Introduction to Signal Transduction and Cancer: A cell of our body depends upon the signal transduction pathway to carry out different types of cell processes at the right moment in time to basically produce physiological responses to certain types of external stimuli. Now, even though signal transduction is very important to the functionality of our
Introduction to Cell Transformation: The process of eukaryotic cells turning to cancerous cells from the normal cells is known as cell transformation. In cancer cell transformation there are few different modifications. In basic, there is a balance between cell growth and cell death. There are several pathways in the body that dictate the cell to
Cell Transformation: Mechanisms, Genetic Mutations, and Cancer Progression Read More »
Introduction: Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are plasma membrane receptor glycoprotein in nature with enzymatic activity. They are a group of 90 enzymes capable of selectively phosphorylating amino acid tyrosine residue in various substrates which leads to conformational alteration of that protein and typically activates that protein. They are important mediators of the signaling that mediate cell
Mechanism of induction of cancer: It is a gradual multistep process involving many generations of cells. The cancer cells are genetically and phenotypically transformed cells having phenotypic features of malignancy like excessive growth, invasiveness, and distant metastasis. Normal cell growth is genetically controlled by four different types of regulatory control genes. The abnormality in these
