Introduction- Energy Metabolism in Prokaryotes: Microorganisms can survive whether by adopting chemoorganotropgy, chemolithotrophy or by phototrophy but the final aim of all cells is to conserve some energy released during the energy yielding reactions. Gibbs Free Energy and Cellular Work: All the chemical reactions involved in a cell are coupled with the energy changes, energy […]

Differences between photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria and Purple sulphur bacteria: SN Features Photosynthesis in Purple sulphur bacteria Photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria 1 Type of light reaction Anoxygenic Oxygenic 2 Electron donor Anoxygenic Oxygenic 3 Photosynthetic pigments Bacteriochlorophyll a and b as photosynthetic pigments in Purplebacteria  Chlorophyll a and phycobilins as photosynthetic pigments in Cyanobacteria. 4 site Invaginated

Introduction to Photosynthesis: Plants and other living things employ a process called photosynthesis to change light energy into chemical energy that can subsequently be released in energy transformation. In order to create carbohydrates and other organic compounds from CO2 and H2O, photosynthetic organisms absorb solar energy and convert it into ATP and NADPH. Phases of

Introduction to RNA Virus Biosynthesis: Many families of animal viruses have RNA as their genetic material. These RNA genomes can be single stranded (+ sense, – sense, antisense) or double stranded. Each class of genome has a different replication and gene expression strategy, and there is considerable variation within each class. The cytoplasm of infected

Introduction to Viral Replication and Biosynthesis: Replication, in terms of virus, can be defined as the propagation of virus such that the number of virus particles increase in number i.e., viral multiplication. Since viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, all the stages of replication occur in the host cell, inducing a living host cell to synthesize

Introduction to Bacterial Binary Fission: The genetic material of bacteria is often divided equally into two daughter cells during a vegetative cell division process called binary fission. Throughout the cell division cycle, the bacterium must first pinpoint the central region where division will take place. This midcell location is then marked and primed for the

Introduction to Bacterial Growth in Batch Culture: The population of cells nearly always shows four distinct phases of growth when bacteria are cultivated in a fresh liquid medium in a closed environment, such as a test tube, for an extended length of time. This type of culture is known as batch culture. Plotting the growth

Introduction to Bacterial Cell Division: A typical cell division in bacteria consist of four common steps of signal that drives cell to divide, DNA replication that coincides with the M phase of division (S=M), DNA segregation and Cytokinesis. Different modes of bacterial cell division: Lateral cell elongation: MreB mediates this process, which arranges peptidoglycan production