Introduction: Isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which the net electric charge on a molecule/protein is zero. At its pI, the molecule/protein is electrically neutral that the molecule at its pI exists as a zwitterion with an equal number of positive charges (from protonated amino groups) and negative charges (from deprotonated carboxyl groups). At
Determining the isoelectric point (pI) of an amino acid Read More »
Introduction: Reproduction is an integral feature of all living beings by which a living being produces produce new individuals of the same species. This natural process is necessary for the survival and increase in the population of a species. If organisms do not reproduce, their population decreases and species will become extinct. Importance: Types: There
Principle: Activity of enzyme is defined as the micromoles of product formed per ml of enzyme solution under the optimum conditions. The determination of specific activity of enzyme involves two steps estimation of protein by F.C. Methos and estimation of product (glucose) by DNS method. The FC method is one of the best methods for
Introduction: Pathogens are defined as organism that are taxonomically widely diverse that cause diseases to their respective hosts with the severity of symptoms of diseases. It comprises not only viruses’ bacteria and fungi but also unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Generally, depending on their relationship to the host, microorganism can be classified as saprophytes and parasites.
Introduction: History: Principle: This computational approach is a branch of vaccinomics that is used to design vaccines predicting epitopes from the genetic information of the pathogens. The principle of reverse vaccinology involves the availability of the whole genome sequence of the organism and uses computational analysis to identify genes that encode proteins on the surface
Introduction: The unavoidable by-product of human activities results in a solid waste which tends to increase with rapid urbanization, improved living standards and changing consumption patterns. It is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. Solid waste management a critical component that include collection,
Solid Waste Management: Introduction, Types, Methods, Management, Factors Read More »
Introduction: Genes, also labelled as “junk” DNA, are inheritable genetic elements whose sequence are naturally similar to functional genes. However, they do not code for protein because they lack coding potential due to the presence of disruptive mutations such as frame shifts, premature stop codons, internal deletion or insertion relative to the normal sequence, Hence,
Introduction: It is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by enhancing the supply, availability, accessibility of several primary nutrients to the host plant. Bacteria, fungi, and mycorrhizae, belonging to the Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas,
Bio fertilizer: Introduction, Types, Applications Read More »
Introduction: It is a common protozoan parasite found in the large intestine of human. It is one of the leading parasitic causes of death in developing countries It causes amoebic dysentery and liver abscess in human Morphology: The parasite occurs in 3 forms Trophozoite Precyst Cyst Life Cycle: Life cycle of histolytica is relatively simple which is
Introduction: Satellite DNA (satDNA) also known as tandemly repeated DNA (TR-DNA), is the highly repetitive DNA consisting clusters of short repeated sequences i.e., same sequence of nucleotides is repeated many times in tandem within the genome. Generally, it possesses a variable AT-rich repeat which are predominately located at heterochromatic regions, which are found mostly in
Satellite DNA (satDNA): Introduction, Types, Features, Applications Read More »
