MICROBIOLOGY

Introduction to Microbial Biocontrol Agents: Biocontrol, also known as biological control, is the natural process of removing and managing insects, pests, and other disease-causing agents by utilizing their natural, biological enemies. Living microorganisms known as microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs) are employed to suppress plant diseases and pests, providing a more environmentally friendly method of managing […]

Introduction to Schistosomiasis: Etiology and Transmission: Schistosomiasis manifests in both acute and chronic forms, with transmission occurring through contact with contaminated water during everyday tasks like farming, household chores, work, or leisure activities. Children, in particular, face heightened risk due to poor sanitation practices and frequent exposure to water bodies while swimming or fishing. The

Introduction- Microorganisms and Vitamin Dependency: Meals bring essential elements or other nutrients that may not be self-synthesized but nonetheless required. They nourish our cells with stored chemical energy, used as building blocks or are cofactors for complex reactions all to ensure the cells can perform at an optimal level.  Environment deliver what an organism may

Introduction to Secretion Systems in Microorganisms: Microorganisms use a variety of secretion systems, including the type IV secretion system (T4SS), to move macromolecules like proteins and DNA over the cell membrane. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain archaea, have this incredibly adaptable class of secretion systems. It plays a crucial role in

Introduction- Energy Metabolism in Prokaryotes: Microorganisms can survive whether by adopting chemoorganotropgy, chemolithotrophy or by phototrophy but the final aim of all cells is to conserve some energy released during the energy yielding reactions. Gibbs Free Energy and Cellular Work: All the chemical reactions involved in a cell are coupled with the energy changes, energy

Differences between photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria and Purple sulphur bacteria: SN Features Photosynthesis in Purple sulphur bacteria Photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria 1 Type of light reaction Anoxygenic Oxygenic 2 Electron donor Anoxygenic Oxygenic 3 Photosynthetic pigments Bacteriochlorophyll a and b as photosynthetic pigments in Purplebacteria  Chlorophyll a and phycobilins as photosynthetic pigments in Cyanobacteria. 4 site Invaginated

Introduction to Photosynthesis: Plants and other living things employ a process called photosynthesis to change light energy into chemical energy that can subsequently be released in energy transformation. In order to create carbohydrates and other organic compounds from CO2 and H2O, photosynthetic organisms absorb solar energy and convert it into ATP and NADPH. Phases of

Introduction to RNA Virus Biosynthesis: Many families of animal viruses have RNA as their genetic material. These RNA genomes can be single stranded (+ sense, – sense, antisense) or double stranded. Each class of genome has a different replication and gene expression strategy, and there is considerable variation within each class. The cytoplasm of infected

Introduction to Viral Replication and Biosynthesis: Replication, in terms of virus, can be defined as the propagation of virus such that the number of virus particles increase in number i.e., viral multiplication. Since viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, all the stages of replication occur in the host cell, inducing a living host cell to synthesize

Introduction to Bacterial Binary Fission: The genetic material of bacteria is often divided equally into two daughter cells during a vegetative cell division process called binary fission. Throughout the cell division cycle, the bacterium must first pinpoint the central region where division will take place. This midcell location is then marked and primed for the