CELL BIOLOGY

Introduction: Cytoskeleton (CSK) is a complex, three-dimensional, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments found in the cytoplasm of all cells which can be defined simply as “structural frame/ support of cells” (Cyto = Cell + Skeleton = structural support/ frame). It is a complex network of protein filaments or fibres along with motor proteins that […]

Introduction: In 1946, the relationship between genes and enzymes was first precisely emphasized by George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum which proposed one-gene-one enzyme hypothesis with respect to arginine synthesis. Arginine is a standard amino acid which is biosynthesized through series of biochemical pathway. Three different genes (Gene A, Gene B, and Gene C)

Introduction: The microorganisms are present in every nitch on the earth, except volcano and vacuum. These microorganisms have high adaptability. The majority of the microorganisms survive and grow in normal conditions like room temperature, around neutral pH, etc. But some microorganism survives and grow in extreme conditions like very high or very low temperature, salt

Introduction: Cell are to survive in varying conditions; therefore, they should be able to get stimuli and respond to differences caused in the environment. Such responses are based on the integration of several components or systems mediated by its membranes, receptors, chemicals, effectors, pH differences, etc. They perform appropriate activities that enhance the chances of

Respiration is the biological process by which organisms exchange gases with their environment, typically involving the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.