BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES – Page 29

DNA Fragments detection in the Blood: New Diagnostic Test for TB

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Myobacteria were the first bacterial infections to be discovered in humans, and they continue to cause serious illnesses till date. Robert Koch described the bacterium that causes tuberculosis in 1882. Since then, a vast number of mycobacterial species that cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in humans and wildlife have been reported. Two primary pathogenic organisms, […]

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DNA Transcription (RNA Synthesis) – Enzymes, Steps, RNA Processing

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DNA transcription is the process in which genetic information encoded in DNA is used to synthesize an RNA molecule, known as messenger RNA (mRNA), through the activity of RNA polymerase, enabling the transfer of genetic instructions from the DNA to the cellular machinery for protein synthesis.

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Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (RHS)- Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Symptoms

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Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), characterized by facial paralysis, painful rashes, and inner ear or mouth symptoms, often accompanied by ear pain and loss of taste, resulting from the inflammation of the facial nerve and other cranial nerves.

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Surgical site infections (SSIs): Identification of bacterial pathogen and their antibiogram

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Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is a type of infection resulting from a surgical procedure. Center for Disease Control (CDC) defines SSI as proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms which develops in an incision site either within the skin or sub-cutaneous fat (superficial), musculo-facial layers (deep) or in an organ or cavity if opened during surgery. It occurs

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DNA Replication- Models, Types, Requirements, Significance

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DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is duplicated, involving the unwinding of the DNA helix, separation of the DNA strands, and the synthesis of complementary strands by DNA polymerase enzymes, resulting in two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

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Lac Operon- Gene Regulation, Gene Expression, Regulation

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The lac operon is a genetic system found in bacteria that controls the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of lactose, where the presence of lactose induces the transcription of these genes through the interaction of regulatory proteins with specific DNA sequences.

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Central Dogma- Replication, Transcription, Translation

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The central dogma of molecular biology is a fundamental principle stating that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA through the process of transcription, and then from RNA to proteins through the process of translation, forming the basis of gene expression and protein synthesis.

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Tryptophan operon: Introduction, Repression, Attenuation

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The tryptophan (Try) operon is a genetic system found in bacteria that regulates the production of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid tryptophan, where the presence of tryptophan represses the expression of the operon by binding to a regulatory protein and preventing transcription of the genes.

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Amino acids: Definition, Classifications, Deficiency, Functions

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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and play essential roles in various biological processes, as they are organic compounds containing both amino and carboxyl functional groups, which contribute to their diverse chemical and structural properties.

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DNA fingerprinting- Definition, Principle, Steps, Applications

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DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling or genetic fingerprinting, is a forensic technique that analyzes specific regions of an individual’s DNA to create a unique genetic profile, enabling the identification and comparison of individuals based on their DNA patterns, which has widespread applications in criminal investigations, paternity testing, and genetic research.

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