Introduction: Substrate: Components: Reception area A digester (or fermentation tank) Fig: Components of Biogas Plant A gas holder It is an air sealed tank preferably made in steel, provided with a gas outlet monitor that permits the biogas to come out of the system and produce energy and heat. It collects the gas generated during […]
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Introduction: Types: O- Glycosylation Occurs post- translationally at certain serine and threonine residue takes place in Golgi apparatus. O-linked oligosaccharides have a glycosidic bond to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group of amino acid including serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues and N-Acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) as the sugar at the reducing end of the
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Introduction: The Punnett square is a table that show all the expected percentage of different genotypes in the offspring outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotype. It is named after British geneticist, Reginald C. Punnett (1875–1967). It consists of a square which is divided into four quadrants to predict the chances
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The Neuroscience Society of Nepal (NSN), in collaboration with the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), organized the fourth Neuroscience School from April 24 to May 8, 2024, in Kathmandu, Nepal. The theme was “Psychophysiology of Neurological Disorders – Genomics and Non-Genomics Perception,” focusing on the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing neurological disorders. The event featured
Introduction: Cytoskeleton (CSK) is a complex, three-dimensional, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments found in the cytoplasm of all cells which can be defined simply as “structural frame/ support of cells” (Cyto = Cell + Skeleton = structural support/ frame). It is a complex network of protein filaments or fibres along with motor proteins that
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Background: Introduction: Bacterial growth is a complex process that involves both catabolic (breakdown of cell constituents and metabolites) and anabolic (biosynthesis of cell constituents and metabolites) process. Basically, bacterial growth curve is sigmoid shows various recognizable stages of the growth of bacteria- lag phase, log phase or exponential growth phase, stationary phase, and the death
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Introduction: In 1946, the relationship between genes and enzymes was first precisely emphasized by George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum which proposed one-gene-one enzyme hypothesis with respect to arginine synthesis. Arginine is a standard amino acid which is biosynthesized through series of biochemical pathway. Three different genes (Gene A, Gene B, and Gene C)
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Introduction: Extrachromosomal Inheritance in eukaryotes: Various scientists have investigated extrachromosomal inheritance in different eukaryotes. Some of the most significant examples of extranuclear inheritance in eukaryotes are as follows: Plastid inheritance Correns and Baur found that the four o’ clock plant, Mirabilis Jalapa, in contrast to other higher plants, contain three types of leaves and parts
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Introduction: Types: Ex Vivo- The term “ex vivo” means “outside of the living body”. This technique is a medical procedure that involves removing of cells from the patient followed by genetically modified in a laboratory, using specialized approaches like adding a new gene to the cell or fixing a gene in a cell that is
Gene Therapy: Introduction, Types, Methods, Mechanism, Risks, Application Read More »
Introduction: Types: Exotoxin Fig: Different types of bacterial toxins Endotoxin Endotoxins are the outer parts of the bacterial cell wall especially Gram-ve bacteria such as E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Neisseria, Haemophilus Pseudomonas, and other pathogens. Basically, it is released upon cell death, autolysis, phagocytic digestion, and cell lysis which trigger a widespread inflammatory response. Although
