Introduction: In mammals, aging is a complex process that is accompanied by a progressive degeneration of tissues and organs which results in the loss of the ability to retain normal homeostasis. Aging is caused by accumulated damage to DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids which in turn inhibits the ability of the cell to function normally […]
DNA Damage theories: Introduction, Theories, Mechanisms Read More »
Introdcution: The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L., is one of the model organisms representing a basal group of land plants. It is one of the common weeds that grows in nursery crop production and distributed widely around the world from tropical to arctic climates. Plant chloroplast genomes are far more structurally conserved than plant mitochondrial genomes.
Chloroplast Genome: The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. Read More »
Introduction: Type of contaminants: Microorganisms in Bioremediation: Aerobic bacteria Many of these bacteria grow in the presence of oxygen that use the contaminant as the sole source of carbon and energy. It degrades pesticides and hydrocarbons, both alkanes and polyaromatic compounds. Examples: Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, and Mycobacterium Methanotrophs/ Methylotrophs Bacteria that convert methane into
Introduction: Substrate: Components: Reception area A digester (or fermentation tank) Fig: Components of Biogas Plant A gas holder It is an air sealed tank preferably made in steel, provided with a gas outlet monitor that permits the biogas to come out of the system and produce energy and heat. It collects the gas generated during
Biogas plant: Introduction, Components, Substrate, Microbiology of Biogas Read More »
Introduction: Types: O- Glycosylation Occurs post- translationally at certain serine and threonine residue takes place in Golgi apparatus. O-linked oligosaccharides have a glycosidic bond to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group of amino acid including serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues and N-Acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) as the sugar at the reducing end of the
Glycosylation: Introduction, Types, Importance Read More »
Introduction: The Punnett square is a table that show all the expected percentage of different genotypes in the offspring outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotype. It is named after British geneticist, Reginald C. Punnett (1875–1967). It consists of a square which is divided into four quadrants to predict the chances
Punnett square: Introduction, construction, Applications Read More »
The Neuroscience Society of Nepal (NSN), in collaboration with the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), organized the fourth Neuroscience School from April 24 to May 8, 2024, in Kathmandu, Nepal. The theme was “Psychophysiology of Neurological Disorders – Genomics and Non-Genomics Perception,” focusing on the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing neurological disorders. The event featured
Introduction: Cytoskeleton (CSK) is a complex, three-dimensional, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments found in the cytoplasm of all cells which can be defined simply as “structural frame/ support of cells” (Cyto = Cell + Skeleton = structural support/ frame). It is a complex network of protein filaments or fibres along with motor proteins that
Cytoskeleton (CSK): Introduction, Components, Filaments, Protein, Diseases Read More »
Background: Introduction: Bacterial growth is a complex process that involves both catabolic (breakdown of cell constituents and metabolites) and anabolic (biosynthesis of cell constituents and metabolites) process. Basically, bacterial growth curve is sigmoid shows various recognizable stages of the growth of bacteria- lag phase, log phase or exponential growth phase, stationary phase, and the death
Bacterial Growth Curve: Introduction, Phases, Microbial Growth, Cell count, Cell Mass Read More »
Introduction: In 1946, the relationship between genes and enzymes was first precisely emphasized by George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum which proposed one-gene-one enzyme hypothesis with respect to arginine synthesis. Arginine is a standard amino acid which is biosynthesized through series of biochemical pathway. Three different genes (Gene A, Gene B, and Gene C)
One-gene-one enzyme hypothesis: Introduction, experiment Read More »
