Mechanism of induction of cancer: It is a gradual multistep process involving many generations of cells. The cancer cells are genetically and phenotypically transformed cells having phenotypic features of malignancy like excessive growth, invasiveness, and distant metastasis. Normal cell growth is genetically controlled by four different types of regulatory control genes. The abnormality in these […]

Tumor suppressor Genes: Introduction Tumor suppressor genes code for protein which function to control cell division and ensure that it only occurs when necessary. It is also recognized as a guardian of gene. Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins involved in preventing cell cycle progression known as gate keepers and proteins involved in repairing DNA

Aim: To isolate mitochondria from the given sample Objective: The isolation of mitochondria is useful in order to study and explore fundamental processes including mitochondrial respiration, metabolic activity, protein import, membrane fusion, protein complex assembly, as well as interactions of mitochondria with the cytoskeleton, nuclear encoded mRNAs, and other organelles.  Principle: The nucleus has two

Background: Different scientists and philosophers have put forwards different explanation of origin of life on earth from time to time. Some of the most popular hypotheses about the origin of life include the following: Introduction:  Stages:  This theory possesses three stages: Chemogeny Biogeny Cognogeny Oxygen revolution: Early atmosphere transform from reducing to oxidising and the

Introduction: The complement system is a part of immune system to protect the body from foreign particles that can damage the body. Initially, complement was defined as “the activity of blood serum that completes the action of antibody induce a series of inflammatory responses that help to fight infection”. At present, the complement system consists of over