Introduction: A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that can cause diseases which is able to utilize the synthetic machinery of the living cell of another organism for its multiplication. Virus are the smallest living organism ranging from about 20nm to 300nm that are about 50 times smaller than bacteria approximately. They are too small […]
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Background: Gram staining is a key technique in microbiology that allows bacteria to be classified into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This staining method, developed by Hans Christian Gram in the late 1800s, gives vital insights into bacterial cell wall composition and has become a cornerstone of bacterial identification and classification. The differential staining is
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Introduction: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that belong to the domain Bacteria. They are one of the most abundant and diverse kinds of life on Earth, and can be found in a variety of habitats. These microscopic organisms have a distinct cellular structure and a remarkable ability for adaptation and survive in a variety of environments,
Bacteria: History, Taxonomy, Structure, Morphology, Functions, Nutrition Read More »
Neutralizing antibodies are antibodies that bind to viruses or other pathogens and prevent them from infecting cells. When a virus enters the body, the immune system responds by producing antibodies.
Cryopreservation is the method of preserving cells, tissues, or organs by freezing them at extremely low temperatures, often below -130°C, for long-term storage or future use. The goal of cryopreservation is to inhibit biological activity and metabolic reactions that can harm cells and tissues while preserving their viability and functionality after thawing.
Cryopreservation- Introduction, Principle, Methods, Benefits, Significance Read More »
Bacterial recombination is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic material, typically in the form of plasmids, transposons, or other mobile genetic elements. This exchange can occur between two bacteria of the same species, or even between different species, leading to the transfer of genetic traits such as antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and metabolic pathways.
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Biosafety cabinets are specialized designed laboratory equipment that provide a barrier between the user and the materials being handled inside the cabinets.
Biosafety Cabinet (BSC)-Types, Features, Handling, Applications Read More »
Introduction: A pipette is a laboratory tool that is used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquids. It is a tube with a calibrated tip and a plunger that allows the user to draw a specific volume of liquid into the pipette and then dispense it. Pipettes are commonly used in scientific research and
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Agar plates are used to culture and observe microorganisms. Notes on agar plates include strain details, colony morphology, characteristics, and experimental conditions for future reference.
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Interferons are a group of cytokines with diverse roles in the immune response, exhibiting antiviral and antitumor activities.
Interferons- Definition, Features, Types, Production, Cytokine Read More »
