MICROBIOLOGY

Introduction: History: Principle: This computational approach is a branch of vaccinomics that is used to design vaccines predicting epitopes from the genetic information of the pathogens. The principle of reverse vaccinology involves the availability of the whole genome sequence of the organism and uses computational analysis to identify genes that encode proteins on the surface […]

Introduction: The unavoidable by-product of human activities results in a solid waste which tends to increase with rapid urbanization, improved living standards and changing consumption patterns. It is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area.  Solid waste management a critical component that include collection,

Introduction: It is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by enhancing the supply, availability, accessibility of several primary nutrients to the host plant. Bacteria, fungi, and mycorrhizae, belonging to the Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas,

Introduction: It is a common protozoan parasite found in the large intestine of human. It is one of the leading parasitic causes of death in developing countries  It causes amoebic dysentery and liver abscess in human Morphology: The parasite occurs in 3 forms Trophozoite Precyst Cyst Life Cycle: Life cycle of histolytica is relatively simple which is

Introduction: The microbial cells are very small and transparent in nature, so it is very difficult to observe them under microscope. Staining is uses in order to understand the structure and chemical nature of microorganism and make visible. Thus, staining is the method of artificially coloring microorganism to allow it to visualize under the microscope.

Introduction: Microorganisms are ubiquitous. Microbes grow and multiply under favorable conditions. In laboratory, for the purposes of study, they are allowed to grow and multiply. So, it always becomes necessary to remove or destroy microbes from materials or from areas because they are responsible for causing contamination, decay, and infection. This is the main object

Introduction: Cell and cytoplasmic contents may become so organized as to perform specialized functions that another cell don to perform. The change by means of which such specialization is achieved is know as differentiation. The event of differentiation is accomplished by changes which occur in embryonic tissues of plants and animals. Zygote is a unicellular

Introduction: The tendency of genes to study together during inheritance and to retain their parental combination even in the offspring, because of the genes being located relatively close to each other, in the same chromosome is called linkage. The genes located on the same chromosome and inherited together are know as linked genes. Linked genes

Introduction: Cell locomotion may involve movement of the entire cell or a portion of it, to the benefit of the organism. This is a biological phenomenon displayed o enable many roles such as feeding, digestion, reproduction, circulation and protection. A cell’s or unicellular organism’s locomotion is accomplished by the use of flagella, cilia, and, in

Introduction: Bacteriophages are viruses that only infect bacteria which is also known as phages. They have a unique structural and life cycle and are highly abundant and diverse in nature such as water, soil, and the human body. It can infect and replicate within bacterial cells. The term “bacteriophage” originates from the Greek words “bacterio,”