MICROBIOLOGY

Introduction to RNA Virus Biosynthesis: Many families of animal viruses have RNA as their genetic material. These RNA genomes can be single stranded (+ sense, – sense, antisense) or double stranded. Each class of genome has a different replication and gene expression strategy, and there is considerable variation within each class. The cytoplasm of infected […]

Introduction to Viral Replication and Biosynthesis: Replication, in terms of virus, can be defined as the propagation of virus such that the number of virus particles increase in number i.e., viral multiplication. Since viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, all the stages of replication occur in the host cell, inducing a living host cell to synthesize

Introduction to Bacterial Binary Fission: The genetic material of bacteria is often divided equally into two daughter cells during a vegetative cell division process called binary fission. Throughout the cell division cycle, the bacterium must first pinpoint the central region where division will take place. This midcell location is then marked and primed for the

Introduction to Bacterial Growth in Batch Culture: The population of cells nearly always shows four distinct phases of growth when bacteria are cultivated in a fresh liquid medium in a closed environment, such as a test tube, for an extended length of time. This type of culture is known as batch culture. Plotting the growth

Introduction to Bacterial Cell Division: A typical cell division in bacteria consist of four common steps of signal that drives cell to divide, DNA replication that coincides with the M phase of division (S=M), DNA segregation and Cytokinesis. Different modes of bacterial cell division: Lateral cell elongation: MreB mediates this process, which arranges peptidoglycan production

Introduction to Tight Junctions: The epithelium and endothelium segregate the tissue compartments in a host body, and the host is protected from the outside world. Tight junctions selectively control what gets into and out of the cell.  Tight Junctions are the intercellular contacts that prevent harmful entities present in the lumen of the stomach from

Introduction to Cryptosporidiosis: Cryptosporidia are coccidian parasites that have tropism for the microvillous region of the digestive epithelium and epithelium of respiratory organs of vertebrates. In immunocompetent individuals, Cryptosporidium parvum resolves on its own after causing a short-term diarrhea. However, in the immunocompromised patients, cryptosporidiosis can be life threatening. The host is infected by the

Introduction to Bacterial Growth: Cells divide when they have gathered everything they require for growth. The population doubles during the exponential phase of expansion, which is characterized by rapid increase under ideal circumstances. During the exponential phase, every cell undergoes rapid, regular division through binary fission, leading to geometric (exponential) population expansion. The cells divide

Introduction- COVID-19 and Global Health Impact: One of the most pressing global health issues that humanity has encountered since World War II is the COVID-19 pandemic. With the exception of Antarctica, the virus has spread to every continent since it first appeared in Asia in 2020. Medical professionals and researchers were investigating the underlying mechanism

Introduction: Cyclospora is an intracellular, single-celled sporozoan with a diameter of around 8.6 μm. When someone consumes food or water contaminated with the parasite, they become infected. It cannot transmit from one person to another as the oocysts in the faecal matter require a certain days and temperature for sporulation and becoming infective. The infected