BIOCHEMISTRY

Introduction to the TCA Cycle: The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle is a crucial metabolic pathway responsible for supplying energy to the body, accounting for approximately 70% of total ATP production. Within this sequence of processes, energy is produced in a number of steps.  Most of the energy obtained from the TCA cycle is captured by […]

Introduction to ATP and Cellular Energy Metabolism: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy phosphorylated species that provides energy to support a number of vital biological processes, including the synthesis of biomolecules like proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA; active transport, which involves pumping ions against a concentration gradient; and mechanical work, which includes muscle contraction, cytoskeleton

Introduction to Vaccine schedule: When administering vaccines, a variety of aspects should be taken into account, including the scheduling of each dosage, screening for precautions and contraindications, the number of doses to be given, the patients’ and parents’ educational needs, and how to interpret and handle adverse effects. Additionally, the recipient’s age, immunological condition, and

Differences between Respiration and Fermentation: Features Respiration Fermentation Definition Respiration refers to the series of biochemical oxidations in which organic molecules are converted to carbon dioxide and water while the chemical energy thus obtained is trapped in a form useful to the cell using exogenous electron acceptor, such as oxygen, nitrate etc. via an electron

Features EMP HMP ED Substrate Glucose In modified EMP,Halophilic archae like Haloarcula vallismortis can also transport fructose via active transport converting it to Fructose-1,6diphosphate via through fructose-1phosphate by ketohexokinase and 1phosphofructokinase. Hyperthermophilic archae like Pyrococcus furiosus can ferment Laminarin not glucose and can hydrolyse it outside cell into oligosaccharides and transport into cell for glycolysis. Glucose-6-phosphate

Introduction to Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Organization: A clinical microbiology lab performs analytical tests on human body substances for disease diagnosis, prevention and aids patient management for promotion of good health. Organization means an orderly structure making arrangements for achievement of purpose. In microbiology lab, the purpose is clinical relevance i.e., promotion of patient’s health.  Key

Objective: To determine the acid value of given fat sample Theory: Acid value is defined as the number of milligrams of potassium or sodium hydroxide that is required to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 gram of fats or oil. It is a measure of the number of carboxylic acid group in a chemical

Introduction:  A biosensor is an analytical device, which employs a biological material to specifically interact an analyte; this interaction procedures some detectable physical change that is measured and converted into an electrical signal by a transducer. Finally, the electrical signal is amplified, interpreted, and displayed as analyte concentration in the solution/preparation. An analyte is a

In 1961, chemiosmotic theory was proposed by Peter D. Mitchell, a British biochemist, that suggested an electrochemical link between phosphorylation and cellular respiration. Later, in 1978, he was awarded a Nobel prize for chemistry for his work on the mechanism of synthesis of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane in cells. The process of chemical

Introduction: Types:  O- Glycosylation Occurs post- translationally at certain serine and threonine residue takes place in Golgi apparatus. O-linked oligosaccharides have a glycosidic bond to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group of amino acid including serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues and N-Acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) as the sugar at the reducing end of the