BIOCHEMISTRY

Introduction: Chemotherapy is the administration of one or more cytotoxic antineoplastic medications (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a predetermined schedule to treat cancer. Chemotherapy may be administered with the intention of curing a disease, extending life, or alleviating symptoms. It is frequently used in conjunction with other treatments, such as radiation, surgery, and/or hyperthermia therapy. […]

Introduction:  A biosensor is an analytical device, which employs a biological material to specifically interact an analyte; this interaction procedures some detectable physical change that is measured and converted into an electrical signal by a transducer. Finally, the electrical signal is amplified, interpreted, and displayed as analyte concentration in the solution/preparation. An analyte is a

In 1961, chemiosmotic theory was proposed by Peter D. Mitchell, a British biochemist, that suggested an electrochemical link between phosphorylation and cellular respiration. Later, in 1978, he was awarded a Nobel prize for chemistry for his work on the mechanism of synthesis of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane in cells. The process of chemical

Introduction: Types:  O- Glycosylation Occurs post- translationally at certain serine and threonine residue takes place in Golgi apparatus. O-linked oligosaccharides have a glycosidic bond to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group of amino acid including serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues and N-Acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) as the sugar at the reducing end of the

Introduction: It is also known as glyoxylate shunt (GS), was identified by Kornberg and Krebs in 1957, explaining how organisms could grow on acetate as the sole carbon source (Kornberg and Krebs, 1957). The glyoxylate cycle, an anabolic pathway, is a variation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is an anabolic pathway occurring in plants, bacteria,

Introduction: Isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which the net electric charge on a molecule/protein is zero. At its pI, the molecule/protein is electrically neutral that the molecule at its pI exists as a zwitterion with an equal number of positive charges (from protonated amino groups) and negative charges (from deprotonated carboxyl groups). At

Principle: Activity of enzyme is defined as the micromoles of product formed per ml of enzyme solution under the optimum conditions. The determination of specific activity of enzyme involves two steps estimation of protein by F.C. Methos and estimation of product (glucose) by DNS method. The FC method is one of the best methods for

Aim: To estimate the concentration of protein using Biuret method. Principle: The is a colorimetric estimation technique that is specific for proteins and peptides used for estimation of protein. The coppers salt reacts with the two more peptide bonds under alkaline condition result in purple complex. The intensity of the formed color complex is proportional

Aim: To estimate the concentration of protein using Bradford Method. Principle: The Bradford protein assay is a commonly used method for estimating the concentration of proteins in a sample. Generally, it is based on the binding of Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB)  dye to proteins, resulting in a shift its  maximum absorbance maximum from 465 nm

Aim: To separate green leaf pigments (Spinach leaves) by Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) method. Introduction: It is a type of planar chromatography, in which the stationary phase is a thin layer of adsorbent particles attached to a solid plate. A small amount of sample/analyte is applied (spotted) near the bottom of the plate (an imaginary