Introduction: cDNA library is a population of bacterial transformation or phage lysates in which each mRNA isolated from an organism or tissues is represented as its cDNA insertion in a plasmid or a phage vector. The frequency of a specific cDNA in such a library would ordinarily depend on the frequency of the concerned mRNA […]
Construction of a cDNA Library: Introduction, Steps, Applications Read More »
Introduction: A restriction enzyme is a nuclease enzyme that breaks down DNA sequences at random or specified recognition regions known as restriction sites. In bacteria, restriction enzymes interact with modification enzymes to form a combination system (restriction + modification system) that methylates the bacterial DNA. Methylation of bacterial DNA at the recognition sequence often protects
Restriction endonucleases (REase): Introduction, Features, Types, Applications Read More »
Introduction: The process of finding new drugs involves combining clinical, translational, experimental, and computational models. Drug design is the inventive approach that aims to design drugs whose target molecules may be receptor (45%), an enzyme (20% of cases), ion channel (5% of cases) DNA (2% of cases), nuclear receptor (2% of cases) or unknown (7% of cases).
Drug Designing: Steps, Procedure, Process, and Delivery Read More »
Introduction: Inflammation is a normal response of the living tissue to protect tissues from injury, infection, or diseases that bring cells and molecules of host defense to the sites in order to eliminate causative agents and restore tissue to normality. It is a part of innate immunity, a protective response of the living system. The
Inflammation: Introduction, Causes, Components, Steps, Symptoms, Types, Complications Read More »
Introduction: Prenatal diagnosis for genetic disorders: Several single gene disorders are diagnosed by DNA analysis Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disorders Autosomal recessive (AR) disorders X-linked disorders
Prenatal Diagnosis: Introduction, Genetic disorders Read More »
Introduction: Parasitic disease, a public health issue, is a type of infectious disease that is caused by parasites which live on or in a host organism. In annual, millions of morbidities and mortality is caused by these infections which is one of the most devastating and prevalent infections. It is a type of infectious disease
Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases: Introduction, Clinical presentation, Diagnostic Tests Read More »
One of the main initiatives of the Elsevier Foundation is the Chemistry for Climate Action Challenge. In conjunction with Elsevier’s Chemistry journals, the Elsevier Foundation awards two winning projects each year with financing of $25,000 USD. These projects implement sustainable and green chemistry solutions in the Global South, thereby improving gender equity (SDG 5) and
Chemistry for Climate Action Challenge Read More »
In 1961, chemiosmotic theory was proposed by Peter D. Mitchell, a British biochemist, that suggested an electrochemical link between phosphorylation and cellular respiration. Later, in 1978, he was awarded a Nobel prize for chemistry for his work on the mechanism of synthesis of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane in cells. The process of chemical
The chemiosmotic theory or Chemiosmotic hypothesis Read More »
Introduction: In mammals, aging is a complex process that is accompanied by a progressive degeneration of tissues and organs which results in the loss of the ability to retain normal homeostasis. Aging is caused by accumulated damage to DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids which in turn inhibits the ability of the cell to function normally
DNA Damage theories: Introduction, Theories, Mechanisms Read More »
Introdcution: The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L., is one of the model organisms representing a basal group of land plants. It is one of the common weeds that grows in nursery crop production and distributed widely around the world from tropical to arctic climates. Plant chloroplast genomes are far more structurally conserved than plant mitochondrial genomes.
Chloroplast Genome: The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. Read More »
