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Molecular basis of cancer: Oncogene, Â Tumor suppressor Genes, Carcinogenesis, Mechanism of Action of Oncogenes
Mechanism of induction of cancer: It is a gradual multistep process involving many generations of cells. The cancer cells are genetically and phenotypically transformed cells having phenotypic features of malignancy like excessive growth, invasiveness, and distant metastasis. Normal cell growth is genetically controlled by four different types of regulatory control genes. The abnormality in these…
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Tumor Suppressor Genes and Oncogenes: Introduction, p53 gene, RB gene and Two hit Hypothesis
Tumor suppressor Genes: Introduction Tumor suppressor genes code for protein which function to control cell division and ensure that it only occurs when necessary. It is also recognized as a guardian of gene. Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins involved in preventing cell cycle progression known as gate keepers and proteins involved in repairing DNA…
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Isolation of Mitochondria
Aim: To isolate mitochondria from the given sample Objective: The isolation of mitochondria is useful in order to study and explore fundamental processes including mitochondrial respiration, metabolic activity, protein import, membrane fusion, protein complex assembly, as well as interactions of mitochondria with the cytoskeleton, nuclear encoded mRNAs, and other organelles. Principle: The nucleus has two…
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Cell cycle, Checkpoints, Cyclins and Its Types: Introduction, External and Internal signals of cell cycle control
Introduction to Cell Cycle Regulation: Cell division is a very crucial phenomenon for normal growth, development and maintenance. But in a body of eukaryotes organisms such as humans, the rate of timing of cell division varies on the type of cells. For e.g., skin cells divide frequently throughout life time. However, specialized cells such as…
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Surgery in cancer patient: Introduction, Types of surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)
Introduction: A team of professionals, including an oncologist, surgeon, and pathologist, work together to make the best diagnosis and treatment decisions for cancer patients. Surgery is the removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue during an operation. Surgery is the oldest and traditional type of cancer therapy, diagnosis, and remains an effective treatment for many…
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Oparin-Haldane theory: Modern theory of the origin of life, Miller and Urey’s Experiment
Background: Different scientists and philosophers have put forwards different explanation of origin of life on earth from time to time. Some of the most popular hypotheses about the origin of life include the following: Introduction: Stages: This theory possesses three stages: Chemogeny Biogeny Cognogeny Oxygen revolution: Early atmosphere transform from reducing to oxidising and the…