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Bacterial Cell Division: Mechanism and Regulation of Binary Fission in E. coli
Introduction to Bacterial Cell Division: A typical cell division in bacteria consist of four common steps of signal that drives cell to divide, DNA replication that coincides with the M phase of division (S=M), DNA segregation and Cytokinesis. Different modes of bacterial cell division: Lateral cell elongation: MreB mediates this process, which arranges peptidoglycan production…
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Transcription vs. Replication: Differences, RNA Polymerase Structure, and Transcription Termination Mechanisms
Introduction to Transcription: Transcription is the biological process in which an RNA strand is generated based on a DNA template, with the reaction being facilitated by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Similarities Between Transcription and Replication: Differences between transcription and replication: Â Characteristics Replication Transcription Definition DNA replication is the biological process of duplication of the double…
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Tight Junction Disruption in the Human Gut: Mechanisms by Helicobacter pylori and Other Enteric Pathogens
Introduction to Tight Junctions: The epithelium and endothelium segregate the tissue compartments in a host body, and the host is protected from the outside world. Tight junctions selectively control what gets into and out of the cell. Tight Junctions are the intercellular contacts that prevent harmful entities present in the lumen of the stomach from…
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Molecular Events During Bacterial Growth: A Comprehensive Phase-Wise Overview of Physiological and Genetic Changes
Introduction to Bacterial Growth: Bacterial growth is a complex process that involves biosynthetic reactions including synthesis of cell constituents and metabolites and anabolic reactions that involves the breakdown of cell constituents and metabolites. Bacteria growing in a closed system typically go through four distinct stages: the lag phase, exponential (log) phase, stationary phase, and decline…
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Cryptosporidiosis: Comprehensive Overview of Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnostic Approaches
Introduction to Cryptosporidiosis: Cryptosporidia are coccidian parasites that have tropism for the microvillous region of the digestive epithelium and epithelium of respiratory organs of vertebrates. In immunocompetent individuals, Cryptosporidium parvum resolves on its own after causing a short-term diarrhea. However, in the immunocompromised patients, cryptosporidiosis can be life threatening. The host is infected by the…
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Bacterial Growth and Exponential Kinetics: Understanding Growth Rate, Generation Time, and Continuous Culture Dynamics
Introduction to Bacterial Growth: Cells divide when they have gathered everything they require for growth. The population doubles during the exponential phase of expansion, which is characterized by rapid increase under ideal circumstances. During the exponential phase, every cell undergoes rapid, regular division through binary fission, leading to geometric (exponential) population expansion. The cells divide…