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Oparin-Haldane theory: Modern theory of the origin of life, Miller and Urey’s Experiment
Background: Different scientists and philosophers have put forwards different explanation of origin of life on earth from time to time. Some of the most popular hypotheses about the origin of life include the following: Introduction: Stages: This theory possesses three stages: Chemogeny Biogeny Cognogeny Oxygen revolution: Early atmosphere transform from reducing to oxidising and the…
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Chemotherapy: Introduction, Classification, Types, Mode of action, Treatment Strategies
Introduction: Chemotherapy is the administration of one or more cytotoxic antineoplastic medications (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a predetermined schedule to treat cancer. Chemotherapy may be administered with the intention of curing a disease, extending life, or alleviating symptoms. It is frequently used in conjunction with other treatments, such as radiation, surgery, and/or hyperthermia therapy.…
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The Complement System: Introduction, Types, Functions
Introduction: The complement system is a part of immune system to protect the body from foreign particles that can damage the body. Initially, complement was defined as “the activity of blood serum that completes the action of antibody induce a series of inflammatory responses that help to fight infection”. At present, the complement system consists of over…
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Genetic Maps: Introduction, Linkage Maps, Cytogenetic Maps, Physical Maps
Introduction: A genetic map is a schematic representation of the various genetic markers in the specific order in which they are located in a chromosome as well as the relative distances between these markers. Genetic mapping is the process of determining the physical position of a genetic component on chromosomes utilizing recombination and genetic markers.…
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Biosensors: Introduction, Features, Components, Types, comparison, Applications
Introduction: A biosensor is an analytical device, which employs a biological material to specifically interact an analyte; this interaction procedures some detectable physical change that is measured and converted into an electrical signal by a transducer. Finally, the electrical signal is amplified, interpreted, and displayed as analyte concentration in the solution/preparation. An analyte is a…
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Single cell proteins (SCPs): Microbial proteins, Introduction, Substrate, Production, Nutrition, Advantages, Disadvantages
Introduction: Single-cell protein (SCP), often called microbial protein, is a type of crude or refined protein obtained from filamentous fungi, algae, yeasts, molds, microbes, or bacteria. It is edible and can used directly either as animal feed or human food supplements, that usually contain above 40% of crude protein on dry weight bases. Due to…